نقش حمایت های حاکمان قاجار در شکوفایی و افول نمایش های ایرانی با تمرکز بر تعزیه

Iranian performances, in the specific sense, from a typological perspective, include epic performances, such as Naqqāli from the Shāhnāmeh and epic texts, mournful performances like Ta'ziyeh and Naqqāli from the event of Ashura, and finally, joyful performances such as clowning (Dahlak-bazi), Baqqal-bazi, Mir Nowruzi, Siah-bazi, puppet shows, and also comedic Ta'ziyeh (Ta'ziyeh-e Mozhek). These performances generally enjoyed favorable conditions during the Qajar period, especially during the Naseri era. This research, focusing on Ta'ziyeh, seeks to answer the question: What are the factors behind the flourishing and decline of the ritual performance of Ta'ziyeh, and considering these factors, how did the patronage of the rulers during the Qajar period play a role in its flourishing and decline? The research findings indicate that the patronage of Qajar rulers towards artists, considering the social conditions and audience participation, especially during the Naseri era, led to the stabilization and growth of the ritual and performative aspects of Ta'ziyeh in relation to its audience. However, this same patronage from the Qajar rulers, in another time period, caused the decline of Ta'ziyeh. This simultaneous rise and fall indicates that the imprudent patronage of rulers may overshadow the ritual and performative aspects of Ta'ziyeh. The certain outcome of this patronage, alongside strengthening the ritual and performative aspects, is facilitation of the performance in relation to the audience, which consequently varies the type and extent of support at different times.