Studying the Quran Transcription Connections Between Iran and the Ottoman Empire In the 15th and 16th Century A.D.

During the 15^th and 16^th centuries A.D., the atmosphere of artistic flourishing in Iran and Anatolia was provided with the support of the courts and the appearance of prominent artists. At this time, there were two influential currents in calligraphy in the Islamic world; one of them was Iranian calligraphy with a history of several hundred years and the other was Ottoman calligraphy which has just been formed and was growing. In addition to inheriting the valuable artistic treasures of earlier periods, the two currents connected and created new styles and schools within themselves. The Qur'an, as the holy book of Islam, has always been of interest to Muslim calligraphers. Iranian calligraphers had a long and brilliant background in transcription, and their skills led to the development of various methods in this field, which, as artistic models, influenced other parts of the Islamic world, including the Ottoman Empire; but so far, the importance of the role of Iranian calligraphy at the beginning of the flourishing of Ottoman calligraphy has not been considered as it should be. The purpose of this article is to study Iranian and the Ottoman Quran transcription links in the 15^th and 16^th centuries A.D., with a view to the developments in calligraphy and the Quran transcription techniques and cultural-artistic exchanges of these two lands. So these questions are mentioned: How are the relations between Iranian and Ottoman calligraphy formed in the transcribing of the Quran and what are its manifestations by looking at the similarities and differences? This research has been provided by descriptive-analytical method and comparative approach and based on the purpose, the historical, cultural and artistic fields and a number of the Quran by leading calligraphers of Iranian and Ottoman calligraphers have been studied.